Mains Answer Writing - 24 Mar, 2026

GS2

Indian Polity

10 marks

“The recent Supreme Court judgment permitting termination of a 30-week pregnancy marks a shift from a ‘medical exception’ framework to a ‘rights-based’ approach to abortion in India.”
Critically examine this statement in the context of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 and evolving judicial interpretation of reproductive autonomy.

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Tips for your answer

Frame the shift clearly in the intro
Start with the transition: “From doctor-centric (MTP Act) → to woman-centric (Article 21 + SC judgments)”.
Balance the body (both sides)
Rights-based side: autonomy, dignity, privacy (case laws like X v. Union of India)
Concerns: fetal viability, ethical dilemmas, judicial inconsistency
End with a reform-oriented conclusion
Mention standardisation of guidelines + decentralised medical boards + rights-based approach.

5/10

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