Mains Answer Writing - 24 Mar, 2026

GS2

Indian Polity

10 marks

“The recent Supreme Court judgment permitting termination of a 30-week pregnancy marks a shift from a ‘medical exception’ framework to a ‘rights-based’ approach to abortion in India.”
Critically examine this statement in the context of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 and evolving judicial interpretation of reproductive autonomy.

Tips for your answer

  • Frame the shift clearly in the intro
  • Start with the transition: “From doctor-centric (MTP Act) → to woman-centric (Article 21 + SC judgments)”.
  • Balance the body (both sides)
  • Rights-based side: autonomy, dignity, privacy (case laws like X v. Union of India)
  • Concerns: fetal viability, ethical dilemmas, judicial inconsistency
  • End with a reform-oriented conclusion
  • Mention standardisation of guidelines + decentralised medical boards + rights-based approach.

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