Mains Answer Writing - 22 Dec, 2025

GS2

Indian Polity

15 marks

“Recent legislative reforms indicate a shift towards greater foreign participation in strategic sectors.” In this context, examine the objectives of the SHANTI Bill, 2025 and the Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2025, and discuss their implications for India’s energy security and financial sector development.

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Tips for your answer

Start with the reform rationale — briefly explain why India is opening strategic sectors like nuclear energy and insurance to greater foreign participation (capital needs, technology access, scale).
Link reforms to sectoral outcomes — connect SHANTI Bill provisions to clean base-load energy and SMRs, and insurance amendments to deeper penetration, competition, and financial inclusion.
Add a balanced critique — mention regulatory capacity, safety and liability concerns in nuclear energy, and the need for strong IRDAI oversight in a fully liberalised insurance sector.

8.5/15

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