Score:
6/10
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Topper’s Copy
GS1
Indian Geography
10 marks
Discuss the factors responsible for the simultaneous withdrawal of the southwest monsoon and the onset of the northeast monsoon over southern India in recent years.
Student’s Answer
Evaluation by SuperKalam
Demand of the Question
- Discuss factors responsible for simultaneous withdrawal of southwest monsoon and onset of northeast monsoon
- Focus on southern India context
- Explain recent years' trend (temporal aspect)
- Address both meteorological and climatic causes
What you wrote:
India experiences two monsoon system the Southwest Monsoon & the Northeast Monsoon. Normally, the southwest monsoon retreats by late September before the onset of the northeast monsoon in October. However, in recent years, there has been a growing overlap between the two system, particularly "over Southern Peninsular India".
India experiences two monsoon system the Southwest Monsoon & the Northeast Monsoon. Normally, the southwest monsoon retreats by late September before the onset of the northeast monsoon in October. However, in recent years, there has been a growing overlap between the two system, particularly "over Southern Peninsular India".
Suggestions to improve:
- Can add specific recent example (e.g., "as observed in October 2025 when IMD announced simultaneous withdrawal and onset on October 16th") to make the introduction more current and impactful.
What you wrote:
Factors responsible
1. Delayed retreat of the Southwest Monsoon;
- Persistence of low-pressure systems over the "Bay of Bengal & the Arabian Sea" delays monsoon withdrawal.
- Warmer sea surface temperatures maintain convective activity longer into October.
Factors responsible
1. Delayed retreat of the Southwest Monsoon;
- Persistence of low-pressure systems over the "Bay of Bengal & the Arabian Sea" delays monsoon withdrawal.
- Warmer sea surface temperatures maintain convective activity longer into October.
Suggestions to improve:
- Can include upper air cyclonic circulation over Comorin area (as seen in recent patterns) that influences withdrawal timing
- Can mention the role of thermal contrast weakening between land and sea during October, slowing the retreat process
What you wrote:
2. Early onset of the Northeast Monsoon;
- Strengthening of easterly winds over the Bay of Bengal due to pressure differences between land & sea accelerates the onset.
- Enhanced "cyclonic circulation" during October facilitates rainfall even beyond full withdrawal of the southwest monsoon.
2. Early onset of the Northeast Monsoon;
- Strengthening of easterly winds over the Bay of Bengal due to pressure differences between land & sea accelerates the onset.
- Enhanced "cyclonic circulation" during October facilitates rainfall even beyond full withdrawal of the southwest monsoon.
Suggestions to improve:
- Can specify northeasterly trade winds establishment as a key trigger for northeast monsoon onset
- Can add role of retreating Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) southward, creating favorable conditions for northeast monsoon
What you wrote:
3. Climatic & oceanic influences;
- Positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) & "La Niña" phases intensify convection, sustaining overlapping systems.
- Climate change has altered thermal gradients, leading to delayed withdrawal & erratic onset patterns.
3. Climatic & oceanic influences;
- Positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) & "La Niña" phases intensify convection, sustaining overlapping systems.
- Climate change has altered thermal gradients, leading to delayed withdrawal & erratic onset patterns.
Suggestions to improve:
- Can mention El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability affecting monsoon transition timing
- Can add Arabian Sea warming trends contributing to delayed southwest monsoon withdrawal
What you wrote:
Recent trend & Implications;
- Since 2020, IMD has reported overlapping monsoon activity.
- Causing "simultaneous rainfall" in Kerala, Tamil Nadu & Andhra Pradesh.
- This trend affects agricultural planning, water management & increases urban flooding risks.
Recent trend & Implications;
- Since 2020, IMD has reported overlapping monsoon activity.
- Causing "simultaneous rainfall" in Kerala, Tamil Nadu & Andhra Pradesh.
- This trend affects agricultural planning, water management & increases urban flooding risks.
Suggestions to improve:
- Can add enhanced rainfall activity prediction for next 7 days over Kerala and Tamil Nadu (as per recent IMD forecasts) to show ongoing relevance
- Can mention Puducherry and Karaikal along with the mentioned states for complete regional coverage
What you wrote:
The growing overlap between the two monsoons reflect changing monsoon dynamics and the overwhelming climate, demanding better seasonal forecasting & adaptive agricultural strategies.
The growing overlap between the two monsoons reflect changing monsoon dynamics and the overwhelming climate, demanding better seasonal forecasting & adaptive agricultural strategies.
Suggestions to improve:
- Can strengthen by mentioning SDG 13 (Climate Action) alignment for climate adaptation measures
- Can add reference to IMD's enhanced monitoring systems for better prediction of such overlapping patterns
Your answer demonstrates strong understanding of monsoon dynamics with good scientific depth and practical implications. The structure is logical and you've addressed all major demands effectively. Consider adding more specific recent examples and meteorological details to enhance the technical accuracy and current relevance.
Demand of the Question
- Discuss factors responsible for simultaneous withdrawal of southwest monsoon and onset of northeast monsoon
- Focus on southern India context
- Explain recent years' trend (temporal aspect)
- Address both meteorological and climatic causes
What you wrote:
India experiences two monsoon system the Southwest Monsoon & the Northeast Monsoon. Normally, the southwest monsoon retreats by late September before the onset of the northeast monsoon in October. However, in recent years, there has been a growing overlap between the two system, particularly "over Southern Peninsular India".
India experiences two monsoon system the Southwest Monsoon & the Northeast Monsoon. Normally, the southwest monsoon retreats by late September before the onset of the northeast monsoon in October. However, in recent years, there has been a growing overlap between the two system, particularly "over Southern Peninsular India".
Suggestions to improve:
- Can add specific recent example (e.g., "as observed in October 2025 when IMD announced simultaneous withdrawal and onset on October 16th") to make the introduction more current and impactful.
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