Model Answer

Introduction

India's evolving security landscape, from drone incursions to hypersonic missile threats, demands a multi-layered, real-time defence network. Mission Sudarshan Chakra, integrating 52 surveillance satellites, Over-the-Horizon (OTH) radars, and Directed Energy Weapons (DEWs), represents a paradigm shift toward indigenous, tech-driven defence preparedness.

Body

1. Space-Based Surveillance

   1. The integration of 52 new surveillance satellites under the Space-Based Surveillance (SBS) programme will allow round-the-clock monitoring of airspace and maritime zones. These satellites can detect missile launches, track enemy aircraft deep inside hostile territory, and coordinate responses with ground-based radar networks.
   2. Such real-time situational awareness strengthens early warning systems, critical for defending population centres and strategic installations. It also boosts India's intelligence-gathering and border security capabilities, reducing dependence on foreign data networks.

2. Artificial Intelligence:

   1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data analytics enable fusion of data from satellites, radars, and sensors into actionable intelligence. Al-based algorithms can predict enemy movements, prioritize threats, and even trigger automated defence responses through the Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS).
   2. Moreover, quantum communication and computing are being explored to enhance cyber-resilience and secure real-time communication between command centres — a necessity in modern network-centric warfare.

3. Directed Energy Weapons – redefining precision warfare:

   1. The introduction of Directed Energy Weapons (DEWs), such as high-energy lasers, offers India a cost-effective and instantaneous method to neutralize drones, missiles, and aircraft. The DRDO's 5-kilowatt laser system exemplifies indigenous innovation, capable of destroying targets at the speed of light without collateral damage.
   2. DEWs also reduce logistics burden compared to traditional kinetic interceptors and mark the beginning of India's transition into next-generation defence technologies.

Conclusion/Way Forward

Mission Sudarshan Chakra encapsulates India's vision of integrating space, cyber, and terrestrial defence layers into a seamless network. By combining Al, space-based surveillance, and DEWs, India is moving from reactive defence to anticipatory security, rooted in self-reliance and technological leadership. It not only safeguards the nation's sovereignty but also enhances India's stature as a responsible and capable global power in defence innovation.