GS3
Disaster Management
15 marks
“Earthquakes become disasters not merely due to tectonic shocks, but due to weak preparedness.” Examine this with reference to the Venezuelan earthquake and discuss how India should strengthen post-disaster risk mitigation and adaptation.
The recent Venezuelan earthquake, with twin shocks of 7.2 and 7.5 magnitude causing heavy casualties, highlights how seismic events expose gaps in urban planning, response capacity and resilient infrastructure. For India, where nearly 59% of landmass is earthquake-prone, preparedness must move from relief-centric response to risk-informed adaptation.
Lessons from Venezuela
India’s Vulnerabilities
Way Forward
The Venezuelan earthquake shows that disaster losses are shaped as much by governance as by geology. India must treat earthquake preparedness as a development priority, not a post-disaster activity. A resilient India will be built before the tremors, not after the rubble.
GS3
Disaster Management
25 Jul, 2026
Recurring floods in India are increasingly becoming a consequence of developmental and governance failures rather than natural phenomena alone. Examine this statement in the light of the recent Assam floods. Suggest measures for building long-term flood resilience.
GS2
International Relations
Yesterday
The proposed U.S - Saudi Civil Nuclear Deal reflects the growing strategic importance of nuclear diplomacy in contemporary international relations. Examine its geopolitical significance and discuss its implications for regional stability and the global nuclear non-proliferation regime.
GS3
Economy
23 Jul, 2026
India's pharmaceutical industry is increasingly becoming a strategic pillar of the economy and global healthcare. In this context, examine the implications of the proposed U.S. tariffs on generic medicines for India's pharmaceutical sector and discuss the policy measures needed to strengthen its global competitiveness.
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