Q4. Explain the role of millets for ensuring health and nutritional security in India.

Approach

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Introduction

Millets, often called "nutri cereals," or “Shree Anna” are vital for promoting health and nutritional security in India. These ancient grains are rich in essential nutrients and resilient to harsh climatic conditions, making them ideal for combating malnutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture.

Body

Nutritional Benefits of Millets:

  • High in Nutrients: Millets are packed with protein, fiber, iron, calcium, and magnesium. For instance, finger millet (ragi) is rich in calcium, and pearl millet (bajra) is a good source of iron.
  • Low Glycemic Index: They help maintain stable blood sugar levels, and diabetes.
  • Gluten Free: Millets are naturally gluten free, making them ideal for those with gluten intolerance.
  • Antioxidant Properties: They contain antioxidants that help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.
  • Low in Fat and Cholesterol: These grains are naturally low in fat and cholesterol, making them heart healthy options.

Role in Health and Food Security:

  • Combating Malnutrition: Millets can address nutritional deficiencies, particularly in rural areas.
  • Sustainable Agriculture: They are drought resistant, requiring fewer resources compared to rice and wheat, making them suitable for arid regions.
  • Economic Benefits: Millet cultivation supports small farmers by providing additional income sources and reducing dependency on water intensive crops.
  • Improved Health Outcomes: Consuming millets can contribute to better health outcomes, including reduced risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity.

Government Initiatives:

  • The National Millet Mission (NMM) is an initiative by the Government of India to promote the cultivation and consumption of millets.
  • The government promotes millets through various schemes and includes them in the Public Distribution System (PDS).
  • R&D investment improves millet varieties and their marketability.
  • India's initiative to declare 2023 as the International Year of Millets and the MAHARISHI initiative further promote awareness and global research.
  • Apart from the central government, various state government schemes and initiatives are also implemented such as the Rani Durgavati Shri Anna (Millets) Promotion Scheme of Madhya Pradesh.

Conclusion

Millets hold immense potential for ensuring health and nutritional security in India. Their nutritional benefits, coupled with their resilience and sustainability, make them an ideal crop for addressing the challenges of malnutrition and food security. Continued efforts to promote millet cultivation, improve market access, and raise awareness about their benefits will be crucial in harnessing their full potential.

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