Q.20 The newly tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed at countering China’s ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnerships in the region? Discuss the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario.

Model Answer:

Introduction

The AUKUS partnership, formed in September 2021, includes Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Its primary aim is to enhance security and defence capabilities in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly to counter China's growing influence and assertiveness.

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Impacts on Existing Partnerships:

  • Quad (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue): AUKUS complements the Quad by providing a more focused military and technological edge. While the Quad emphasises broader cooperation including economic and health security, AUKUS brings advanced defence capabilities, such as nuclear-powered submarines, which can enhance the Quad's strategic depth.
  • Five Eyes: AUKUS strengthens the intelligence-sharing framework of the Five Eyes alliance (comprising the US, UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand) by integrating advanced military technologies and cyber capabilities, thereby enhancing collective security measures against China.

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Strengths of AUKUS:

  • Advanced Technology Sharing: AUKUS facilitates the transfer of cutting-edge technologies, including artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and cyber warfare capabilities, which are crucial for maintaining a technological edge over China.
  • Nuclear Submarine Deal: The agreement to provide Australia with nuclear-powered submarines significantly boosts its naval capabilities, allowing for extended underwater operations and enhanced deterrence against Chinese maritime activities.
  • Enhanced Military Cooperation: The partnership promotes joint military exercises and operations, improving interoperability and readiness among the member nations.
  • Strategic Deterrence: AUKUS serves as a strategic deterrent by showcasing a united front and a commitment to maintaining a rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific.
  • Economic and Diplomatic Leverage: By strengthening military ties, AUKUS also enhances the diplomatic and economic leverage of its members in negotiations with China and other regional actors.

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Impacts on the Indo-Pacific Region:

  • Increased Militarisation: The introduction of nuclear-powered submarines and advanced military technologies is likely to lead to an arms race, prompting China and other regional powers to bolster their own military capabilities.
  • Regional Security Dynamics: AUKUS may lead to a realignment of regional security dynamics, with countries like India, Japan, and South Korea reassessing their own security strategies and partnerships.
  • Strategic Stability: While AUKUS aims to counterbalance China's influence, it also risks escalating tensions, potentially destabilising the region if not managed carefully.

Conclusion

AUKUS plays a crucial role in countering China's ambitions in the Indo-Pacific by enhancing the military and technological capabilities of its members. However, it is essential for AUKUS members to adopt a balanced approach, ensuring that their actions do not lead to unnecessary escalation and contribute to maintaining peace and stability in the region.

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