Q.11 To what extent did the role of the moderates prepare a base for the wider freedom movement? Comment.

Model Answer :

Introduction

The role of moderates in the Indian freedom movement was significant in laying the groundwork for the more radical phases that followed. The moderates, who were active primarily from the 1880s to the early 1900s, were crucial in shaping the political landscape and mobilising public opinion. 

Body

Political Awareness and Mobilization

• Educational and Institutional Efforts: Efforts of moderates like Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Surendranath Banerjee in establishing educational institutions and promoting political awareness helped to create an informed and politically conscious populace.
• Use of Constitutional Methods:  use of methods like for petitions, memorials, and resolutions to press for political changes  familiarised people with political processes and the idea of seeking reform through legislative means.

Formation of Political Organisations

• Indian National Congress (INC):. The party's focus on gradual reforms and its attempts to negotiate with the British government helped establish a political platform and a network of political workers across the country.

Public Mobilization and Press Freedom

• Role of the Press: Newspapers and periodicals played a crucial role in educating the masses and fostering a sense of national identity.
• Political Agendas and Demands: Through their moderate strategies, they raised awareness about issues such as economic exploitation and political underrepresentation, creating a foundation upon which more radical ideas could later build.

Transition to Radicalism

• Shift in Tactics: The limitations of moderate approaches and the failure to achieve significant reforms led to growing dissatisfaction among younger and more radical elements within the INC. 
• Radical Influence: The moderates’ earlier efforts in political organisation and public engagement made it easier for radicals to galvanise popular support for a more confrontational struggle for independence.

Conclusion

In summary, while the moderates were often criticised for their incremental approach, their contributions were indispensable in preparing the ground for the wider freedom movement. They laid the intellectual, organisational, and political foundations that later enabled more radical and widespread mobilisation against British colonial rule.

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