Model Answer:
China's growing economic power, characterized by its significant trade surplus, has increasingly been used as a strategic tool to bolster its military capabilities. As a neighbouring country, India faces multifaceted challenges and opportunities arising from this development.
China's economic rise is primarily supported by its trade surplus, which has enabled it to invest heavily in military modernization. For India, this economic dynamic creates challenges, especially in trade relations. In 2022, India’s trade deficit with China reached approximately $73 billion, highlighting the economic imbalance. This dependence on Chinese imports affects India’s domestic industries and poses a threat to economic sovereignty. Conversely, India could leverage this situation by enhancing its manufacturing capabilities and diversifying trade partners to reduce reliance on China.
China’s military expansion, underpinned by its economic power, has led to heightened tensions in the Indo-Pacific region. The establishment of military bases in countries like Pakistan and Sri Lanka is indicative of China’s strategic encirclement of India. This development directly impacts India’s national security strategy, compelling it to bolster its military presence in the region. Additionally, India has sought to strengthen its alliances, as seen in initiatives like the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) with the United States, Japan, and Australia, aiming to counterbalance China’s influence.
The most pressing impact of China’s military rise is the security dilemma it poses for India. The ongoing border disputes, exemplified by the Galwan Valley clash in 2020, reflect the underlying tensions exacerbated by China’s assertive military posture. Moreover, China’s increasing support for Pakistan, particularly in terms of military aid and infrastructure projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), presents a direct challenge to India’s security landscape. Consequently, India must enhance its defence preparedness and engage in strategic deterrence.
China’s economic relations and military ambitions significantly impact India as a neighbour. While presenting economic challenges, it also offers opportunities for India to strengthen its manufacturing and diversify its trade relations. Strategically, India must adapt to the changing regional dynamics and enhance its defence posture to address the security challenges posed by China’s rise. Ultimately, India’s response will be crucial in shaping the future of its relations with China and maintaining regional stability.
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