Q11. Give an account of the current status and the targets to be achieved pertaining to renewable energy sources in the country. Discuss in brief the importance of the National Programme on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). 

Model Answer:

Introduction

 India aims to achieve 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030, with over 166 GW currently installed, emphasizing sustainable development, energy security, and significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. 

Body

Current Status of Renewable Energy

1. Installed Capacity: India has an installed renewable energy capacity of over 166 GW, making it the fourth-largest globally, significantly contributing to its energy mix and sustainability goals.
2. Solar Power: Solar power capacity exceeds 60 GW, accounting for around 36% of total renewable energy. The country aims to harness abundant solar potential for energy generation.
3. Wind Energy: Wind energy contributes over 40 GW, representing the largest share of India's renewable sector. The government promotes onshore and offshore wind projects to expand this capacity.
4. Hydropower: India’s hydropower capacity stands at approximately 46 GW, providing a reliable and sustainable energy source, essential for meeting peak demand and grid stability.
5. Biomass and Other Sources: Biomass and waste-to-energy projects contribute around 10 GW, enhancing rural energy access while addressing waste management challenges in urban areas. 

Targets for Renewable Energy

1. 2030 Target: India aims to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based energy capacity by 2030, underlining its commitment to reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable energy solutions.
2. Solar Energy Goals: The country targets 280 GW of solar energy capacity by 2030, focusing on rooftop solar and solar parks to promote decentralized energy generation and accessibility.
3. Wind Energy Expansion: India plans to increase wind energy capacity to 140 GW by 2030, fostering investment and technological innovation to capitalize on its wind resource potential. 

Importance of the National Programme on LEDs

1. Energy Efficiency: The National Programme on LEDs aims to promote energy-efficient lighting solutions, significantly reducing energy consumption and electricity bills for households and businesses across India.
2. Cost Savings: Implementing LED lighting is projected to save around ₹50,000 crore annually in electricity costs, enhancing the financial viability of households and the economy.
3. Environmental Impact: The programme reduces carbon emissions by nearly 100 million tons annually, supporting India’s commitment to combating climate change and promoting sustainable development.
4. Employment Generation: The LED initiative fosters job creation in manufacturing and distribution sectors, stimulating local economies and enhancing livelihood opportunities for communities.
5. Access to Lighting: By promoting affordable LED lighting solutions, the programme enhances access to electricity in rural and underserved areas, improving quality of life and supporting socio-economic development.

Conclusion

India’s commitment to renewable energy and the LED initiative plays a pivotal role in achieving sustainability, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting socio-economic development while combating climate change challenges. 

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