With reference to the passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Only species that have the ability to overcome environmental catastrophes will survive and perpetuate. 2. More than 90% of the species on the earth are in the danger of getting extinct due to drastic changes in the environment. 3. Darwin's theory explains all the natural phenomena. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

Passage

Natural selection cannot anticipate future environments on the earth. Therefore, the set of existing organisms can never be fully prepared for environmental catastrophes that await life. An outcome of this is the extinction of those species which cannot overcome environmental adversity. This failure to survive, in modern terms, can be attributed to the genomes which are unable to withstand geological vagaries or biological mishaps infections, diseases and so on). In biological evolution on the earth, extinction of species has been a major feature. The earth may presently have up to ten million species, yet more than 90% of species that have ever lived on the earth are now extinct. Once again, the creationist doctrines fail to satisfactorily address why a divine creator will firstly bother to create millions of species and then allow them to perish. The Darwinian explanation for extinct life is once again simple, elegant and at once convincing organisms go extinct as a function of environmental or biological assaults for which their inheritance deems them ill-equipped. Therefore, the so-called Darwinian theory of evolution is not a theory at all. Evolution happens-this is a fact. The mechanism of evolution (Darwin proposed natural selection) is amply supported by scientific data. Indeed, to date no single zoological, botanical, geological, paleontological, genetic or physical evidence has refuted either of the central two main Darwinian ideas. If religion is not taken into consideration, Darwinian laws are acceptable just like the laws proposed by Copernicus, Galileo, Newton and Einstein-sets of natural laws that explain natural phenomena in the universe.

QUESTION

CSAT

Easy

Comprehension

Prelims 2022

With reference to the passage, the following assumptions have been made:

Only species that have the ability to overcome environmental catastrophes will survive and perpetuate.
More than 90% of the species on the earth are in the danger of getting extinct due to drastic changes in the environment.
Darwin's theory explains all the natural phenomena.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

Select an option to attempt

Explanation

Assumption 1 is valid according to the passage. It supports the idea that survival and continuation of species depend on their ability to adapt to environmental changes.

Assumption 2 is not valid. The passage states that more than 90% of species that have ever lived are now extinct, but it does not claim that this percentage of currently existing species is in danger of extinction. The statement misinterprets the passage.

Assumption 3 is not valid. The passage asserts that Darwin’s theory explains the mechanisms of evolution but does not claim it explains all natural phenomena.