Subject: International Relations

The Blue Economy contributes over $1.5 trillion annually to the global economy, highlighting seas' vital role in the cosmos. The International Maritime Organization (IMO), as the UN's specialized agency, plays a pivotal role in ensuring sustainable and secure maritime operations.

Role of IMO in Environmental Protection

• Emission Reduction Strategy: IMO has set ambitious targets to reduce shipping emissions by 30% by 2030 and 80% by 2040 compared to 2008 levels, aiming for net-zero emissions by 2050.

• Marine Biodiversity Conservation: Supporting the implementation of BBNJ Agreement (Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction), with 22 countries ratifying and 115 signing the agreement as of June 2025.

• Technical Cooperation Programme: Allocation of $28.4 million for the Integrated Technical Cooperation Programme (ITCP) in 2024-2025 to support developing nations in environmental compliance.

Maritime Safety Enhancement

• SOLAS Convention Implementation: Ensuring strict adherence to the Safety of Life at Sea Convention through regular inspections and certifications.

• Port State Control: Implementing rigorous inspection systems to verify vessels' compliance with international safety standards.

• Capacity Building: Supporting member states through technical assistance and training programs for maritime personnel.

Maritime Security Measures

• ISPS Code Enforcement: Implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code to prevent terrorism and piracy.

• Maritime Domain Awareness: Promoting information sharing and surveillance systems for early threat detection.

• Counter-Piracy Initiatives: Coordinating with regional organizations like ReCAAP (Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy) to combat maritime crimes.

Challenges and Way Forward

• Resource Constraints: Additional funding needed beyond the current 47% coverage of ITCP requirements.

• Technology Integration: Promoting digitalization and automation for enhanced monitoring and compliance.

• Stakeholder Coordination: Strengthening cooperation between member states, industry, and environmental organizations.

The IMO's comprehensive approach to maritime governance has made significant strides in protecting our oceans. With initiatives like the IMO 2020 Sulphur Cap and Ballast Water Management Convention, the organization continues to evolve, ensuring safer, cleaner, and more secure seas for future generations.