Subject: Science & Technology

Answer

Recent advances in applied biotechnology have revolutionized various sectors, from agriculture to healthcare, marking India's progress in becoming a global biotech hub. The significant increase in the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) budget to ₹3,446.64 crore in 2025-26 reflects the government's commitment to harnessing biotechnology for societal benefits.

Key Research and Developmental Achievements

Agricultural Biotechnology

• Development of Bt cotton leading to 24% yield increase and 50% reduction in pesticide costs for farmers.
• Creation of drought-tolerant maize and salt-tolerant rice varieties enhancing crop resilience in challenging conditions.
• Introduction of biofertilizers resulting in 20% increase in rice yields in Punjab while improving soil health.

Healthcare Advancements

• Indigenous vaccine development capabilities demonstrated during COVID-19 pandemic.
• Gene therapy research for treating genetic disorders and rare diseases.
• Development of affordable diagnostic kits for various diseases.

Industrial Applications

• Enzyme engineering for sustainable industrial processes.
• Bioremediation technologies for environmental cleanup.
• Biofuel production from agricultural waste.

Impact on Poverty Alleviation

Economic Benefits

• Increased farm income through improved crop yields and reduced input costs.
• Creation of biotechnology-based entrepreneurship opportunities.
• Employment generation in biotech industries and research facilities.

Healthcare Access

• Affordable diagnostics making healthcare accessible to rural populations.
• Indigenous medicine production reducing healthcare costs.
• Preventive healthcare through improved vaccines and treatments.

Environmental Sustainability

• Sustainable farming practices through bio-based inputs.
• Waste management solutions benefiting urban poor communities.
• Clean water technologies improving sanitation in underprivileged areas.

The convergence of biotechnology innovations and poverty alleviation goals demonstrates the transformative potential of science in addressing societal challenges. The growing patent portfolio with 3,576 biotechnology patents in 2023 and implementation of schemes like Bio-RIDE showcase India's commitment to leveraging biotechnology for inclusive growth and sustainable development.