Subject: Economy

India's journey towards achieving SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) has been marked by significant strides in expanding energy access while transitioning towards sustainable sources. The nation's commitment to energy transformation is evident through its comprehensive policy framework and implementation strategies.

Progress in Energy Access and Affordability

• Rural Electrification: The World Bank reports that 99.2% of rural India now has access to electricity, showcasing the success of initiatives like Saubhagya Scheme and Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana.
• Energy Subsidies: The government's commitment to affordable energy is reflected in the projected subsidy allocation of Rs 4.1-4.2 lakh crore in FY25, ensuring energy accessibility for vulnerable sections.
• Last Mile Connectivity: Implementation of PM-KUSUM scheme has enhanced energy access in agricultural sectors, promoting solar-powered pumps and grid-connected renewable energy.

Sustainable Energy Transition

• Solar Capacity Addition: India achieved remarkable growth with 23.8 GW of new solar capacity in FY25, marking a 58.5% year-on-year increase through various segments:
  • 16.9 GW from utility-scale projects.
  • 5.1 GW from rooftop solar installations.
  • 1.8 GW from off-grid solutions.

Modern Energy Infrastructure

• Renewable Energy Capacity: The total installed renewable energy capacity has crossed 200 GW as of October 2024, demonstrating progress towards the 500 GW target by 2030.
• Non-fossil Fuel Capacity: Achievement of 214 GW by November 2024 shows commitment to modern energy systems.
• Green Hydrogen Mission: Implementation of the National Green Hydrogen Mission positions India as a leader in future energy technologies.

Challenges and Way Forward

• Need for enhanced grid infrastructure to accommodate renewable energy integration.
• Requirement of significant investment in energy storage solutions.
• Focus on energy efficiency through programs like UJALA.

The transformation of India's energy landscape through initiatives like Panchamrit and commitment to achieve Net-Zero by 2070 demonstrates a balanced approach towards meeting the SDG 7 goals while ensuring energy security and sustainability. The success of programs like PM-SURYA and National Solar Mission provides a robust foundation for achieving the ambitious targets set for 2030.