Subject: Internal Security

The persistent menace of terrorism continues to pose formidable challenges to India's national security, with 408 terrorist incidents recorded in 2023 resulting in 411 fatalities. The geographical spread across states like Chhattisgarh (131 incidents) and Jammu & Kashmir (95 incidents) underscores the widespread nature of this threat.

Major Solutions to Curb Terrorism

1. Intelligence and Surveillance Enhancement:

• Strengthening the Multi Agency Centre (MAC) for better intelligence sharing and coordination.
• Implementation of advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence and drone surveillance for border security.
• Expanding the network of NATGRID for real-time information sharing among security agencies.

2. International Cooperation:

• India's contribution of $500,000 to UN Counter-Terrorism Trust Fund demonstrates commitment to global anti-terror efforts.
• Participation in Quad Counterterrorism Working Group and joint exercises with international partners.
• Strengthening Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs) for cross-border terrorism investigations.

3. Capacity Building:

• Regular training of security forces through institutions like National Security Guard (NSG).
• Modernization of state police forces under the Police Modernization Scheme.
• Enhanced cyber security measures through National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre.

Major Sources of Terrorist Funding

1. Illegal Activities:

• Narco-terrorism through drug trafficking networks.
• Hawala transactions and money laundering operations.
• Extortion and kidnapping for ransom.

2. Legal Front Organizations:

• Shell companies and charitable organizations as fronts.
• Misuse of Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) for terror financing.
• Exploitation of legitimate businesses for fund generation.

3. State Sponsorship:

• Direct funding from hostile nations.
• Provision of training, weapons, and logistical support.
• Use of diplomatic channels for fund transfers.

India's multi-pronged approach to counter-terrorism, exemplified by initiatives like the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU-IND) and participation in the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), demonstrates a commitment to addressing both the operational and financial aspects of terrorism. The success of these measures depends on sustained international cooperation and technological advancement in security infrastructure.