Subject: Internal Security

The emergence of terrorism as a "competitive industry" is evident from the increasing sophistication, funding networks, and organizational structures of terror groups, as highlighted by 408 terrorist incidents in India during 2023 with varied tactical approaches.

Evolution of Modern Terrorism

• Organizational Structure: Terror groups have evolved from hierarchical structures to decentralized networks, making them more resilient and adaptable (e.g., The Resistance Front's emergence as an offshoot of Lashkar-e-Taiba).

• Financial Networks: Terrorist organizations operate through sophisticated financial channels including:

  • Hawala networks for untraceable transactions.
  • Cryptocurrency for anonymous fund transfers.
  • Shell companies for money laundering operations.

Competitive Elements

• Territorial Control: Groups compete for geographical dominance, as seen in:

  • Chhattisgarh (131 incidents).
  • Jammu and Kashmir (95 incidents).
  • Jharkhand (69 incidents).

• Tactical Innovation: Organizations compete through diverse attack methods:

  • Shootings (48% of incidents).
  • IED attacks (26% of incidents).
  • Property damage (5% of incidents).

Counter-Terrorism Response

• International Cooperation: India's proactive approach includes:

  • $500,000 contribution to the UN Counter-Terrorism Trust Fund.
  • Participation in Quad Counterterrorism Working Group.
  • Joint exercises with international partners.

• Domestic Measures:

  • Multi-agency coordination through National Investigation Agency.
  • NATGRID for intelligence sharing.
  • UAPA Act for legal framework.

The evolving nature of terrorism demands a dynamic and coordinated response through international cooperation, as demonstrated by India's engagement with UNOCT's global programs in Countering Financing of Terrorism and Countering Terrorist Travel, while strengthening domestic capabilities through technological and legislative measures.