Subject: Internal Security

India's porous borders with neighboring countries present significant internal security challenges, as evidenced by the recent surge in cross-border infiltration, drug trafficking, and drone incidents. The interconnected nature of border management and internal security has become more pronounced with evolving security threats and technological advancements.

Linkages between Border Management and Internal Security

• Cross-Border Terrorism: Infiltration attempts declined from 99 in 2020 to 77 in 2021, yet remain a critical concern, particularly in Jammu and Kashmir where six terrorists were neutralized in 2023.

• Drug Trafficking Networks: The BSF's seizure of 841 kg of drugs and 119 drones along the western border in 2023 highlights the growing nexus between narco-terrorism and internal security.

• Technological Threats: Increased drone activities, with 125 drones intercepted in Punjab (2024), demonstrate evolving security challenges requiring advanced countermeasures.

Challenges Due to Porous Borders

• Geographic Vulnerabilities: Long, diverse terrain along borders with Myanmar and Bangladesh facilitates illegal activities and poses surveillance challenges.

• Resource Constraints: Limited technological infrastructure and manpower affect comprehensive border monitoring capabilities.

• Organized Crime Networks: Assam Rifles' seizure of drugs worth INR 911 crores and 18 weapons indicates the presence of sophisticated criminal networks.

Way Forward

• Integrated Border Management: Implementation of comprehensive border management systems incorporating modern technology and intelligence sharing.

• Multi-Agency Coordination: Enhanced cooperation between BSF, Assam Rifles, and state police for effective border control.

• Community Engagement: Involving border communities in security initiatives to create a robust intelligence network.

• International Cooperation: Strengthening bilateral and multilateral agreements with neighboring countries for coordinated border management.

The intricate relationship between border management and internal security necessitates a holistic approach combining technological solutions, institutional mechanisms, and international cooperation. The success of India's internal security framework largely depends on effective border management strategies, as demonstrated by recent security operations and seizures along various borders. Programs like BOLD-QIT (Border Electronically Dominated QRT Interception Technique) and Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS) represent significant steps toward addressing these interconnected challenges.