Mains Answer Writing - 27 Dec, 2025
GS1
World Geography
15 marks
El Niño is a key driver of global climate variability. Explain the mechanism of El Niño formation and the indicators used to detect it. Analyse its likely global and Indian impacts in the context of early signals of its possible return.
Tips for your answer
- Structure the answer in the ENSO sequence
- Formation → Indicators → Impacts. This reflects conceptual clarity and examiner-friendly flow.
- Use technical terms sparingly but correctly
- Mention Walker Circulation, thermocline, upwelling and ONI to show depth without overcrowding.
- Link climate science with relevance
- Explicitly connect El Niño to global warming trends and Indian monsoon variability.
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GS3
Science & Technology
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“Artificial Intelligence-enabled startups are increasingly addressing gaps in healthcare and sports services in India, especially in underserved areas.”
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GS3
Economy
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Stubble burning has emerged as a recurring source of air pollution in North India despite technological monitoring measures. Examine the challenges in detecting and controlling farm fires and suggest a comprehensive strategy to address the problem.
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GS2
International Relations
20 Feb, 2026
Discuss the strategic significance of the Strait of Hormuz in global geopolitics. How do Iran–USA tensions over the nuclear issue impact global energy security and regional stability?
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