Mains Answer Writing - 27 Dec, 2025

GS1

World Geography

15 marks

El Niño is a key driver of global climate variability. Explain the mechanism of El Niño formation and the indicators used to detect it. Analyse its likely global and Indian impacts in the context of early signals of its possible return.

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Tips for your answer

Structure the answer in the ENSO sequence
Formation → Indicators → Impacts. This reflects conceptual clarity and examiner-friendly flow.
Use technical terms sparingly but correctly
Mention Walker Circulation, thermocline, upwelling and ONI to show depth without overcrowding.
Link climate science with relevance
Explicitly connect El Niño to global warming trends and Indian monsoon variability.

9/15

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