GS3
Disaster Management
15 marks
"The devastating Venezuela earthquakes highlight that disasters become humanitarian crises when vulnerability outweighs preparedness." Examine this statement with reference to the recent Venezuela earthquakes, and discuss the importance of disaster risk reduction in building resilient societies.
In June 2026, twin earthquakes struck Venezuela, claiming hundres of lives and injuring many. The disaster reaffirmed that while earthquakes are unavoidable natural hazards, their transformation into humanitarian crises depends largely on societal vulnerability and the level of disaster preparedness.
Vulnerability Factors -
Role of DRR -
Way Forward -
The Venezuela earthquakes demonstrate that natural hazards become humanitarian disasters when vulnerability exceeds preparedness. Building resilient societies therefore requires shifting from a relief-centric approach to one centred on disaster risk reduction, resilient infrastructure and community preparedness, in line with the Sendai Framework's vision of reducing disaster losses and safeguarding sustainable development.
GS2
Indian Polity
11 Jul, 2026
“Judicial independence cannot become a shield against judicial accountability.” Examine this statement in light of the constitutional process for removing judges and the accountability concerns raised by a judge resigning during pending removal proceedings.
GS2
International Relations
Yesterday
"Critical minerals have emerged as the new strategic resources of the 21st century." Discuss their significance for India's economic and strategic security. Examine how international partnerships can strengthen India's critical mineral ecosystem.
GS3
Economy
9 Jul, 2026
"The success of ethanol blending depends as much on fuel quality and vehicle compatibility as on blending targets." Examine this statement in the context of India's transition towards E20 fuel.
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