Mains Answer Writing - 22 Jul, 2026

GS1

Indian Geography

15 marks

Water scarcity is increasingly emerging as a developmental challenge rather than merely an environmental concern. Discuss the causes and consequences of water scarcity in India. Suggest measures to ensure long-term water security.

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Tips for your answer

Treat water scarcity as a governance issue as much as an environmental one. Balance natural causes with groundwater over-exploitation, poor water management and pollution.
Remember value addition like 18% of the world's population with only 4% of freshwater, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), Jal Jeevan Mission, Atal Bhujal Yojana, and Jal Shakti Abhiyan.
Avoid limiting the answer to drinking water. Link water scarcity with food security, economic growth, public health, climate resilience and federal water governance.

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