Mains Answer Writing - 18 Dec, 2025

GS3

Environment & Ecology

10 marks

Mangroves exhibit unique cellular and physiological adaptations that enable them to survive in high-salinity environments. Discuss. How can these adaptations be leveraged to address agricultural challenges in saline-prone regions?

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Tips for your answer

Start with the core adaptation
Briefly explain why salinity is a stress factor for plants and highlight key mangrove adaptations such as thick cell walls, small epidermal cells, and salt exclusion or secretion mechanisms.
Use 1–2 clear examples
Mention root-level salt filtration and leaf-level salt secretion to show diversity in mangrove survival strategies without going into excessive biological detail.
Link to applied relevance
Conclude by connecting these adaptations to the possibility of engineering salt-tolerant crops to combat soil salinization and ensure agricultural sustainability.

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