Topper’s Copy

GS2

International Relations

15 marks

How has the India–UAE relationship evolved from an energy and diaspora-driven partnership to a comprehensive strategic partnership? Discuss the significance of recent India–UAE agreements in the areas of defence, technology, energy security, and economic integration for India’s foreign policy and strategic interests in West Asia.

Student’s Answer

Evaluation by SuperKalam

Score:

4.5/15

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Demand of the Question

Evolution from energy-diaspora partnership to comprehensive strategic partnership
Significance of recent agreements in defence cooperation
Significance in technology collaboration
Impact on energy security arrangements
Economic integration benefits and mechanisms
Overall implications for India's West Asian strategy

INTRODUCTION

What you wrote:

India-UAE relationship has went from oil and labour based to comprehensive strategic Partnership. India's rising energy and investment needs combined with UAE's diversification beyond oil has led to this strong Partnership. Initiating in 2015 with a UAE visit by prime minister of India to 2017 comprehensive strategic Partnership to the CEPA in 2022 has led to this growth in Partnership.

Suggestions to improve:

Could begin by acknowledging India's 3.5 million strong diaspora in UAE as a foundational pillar alongside energy ties
Can mention UAE's Vision 2071 and India's Act West Policy as strategic frameworks driving this evolution
Could reference the $85 billion bilateral trade target to establish the partnership's ambitious scope

BODY

What you wrote:

① Defence:- The 13th Joint Defence Cooperation Committee with UAE focused on joint defence manufacturing, maritime security etc expanding relationship to security.

② Technology:- India and UAE actively share expertise in fintech, AI and emerging technologies with each other.

① Defence:- The 13th Joint Defence Cooperation Committee with UAE focused on joint defence manufacturing, maritime security etc expanding relationship to security.

② Technology:- India and UAE actively share expertise in fintech, AI and emerging technologies with each other.

Suggestions to improve:

Could elaborate on UAE's $2 billion investment in India's defence manufacturing under Make in India initiative
Can mention joint naval exercises in Arabian Sea and UAE's role in India's maritime security architecture
Could highlight India-UAE AI partnership in developing smart city solutions and digital governance models
Can discuss UAE's investment in India's UPI ecosystem and collaboration in developing Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)

What you wrote:

③ Energy security:- India crude oil imports now have a 11% share from UAE and India also depends on UAE for LPG needs. Moreover UAE has invested crude oil into India's Strategic Petroleum Reserve Programme.

④ Economic Integration:-
(a) CEPA:- India and UAE signed CEPA (Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) in 2022 which aims to broaden bilateral trade aiming to reach $200 billion in non-oil trade by 2032.

(b) LCS:- India and UAE have worked upon localised Currency settlement to reduce dependence on US dollars.

(c) Infrastructure:- India and UAE are involved in I2U2 (Israel, India, USA, UAE) and IMEC (India Middle east Economic Corridor).

③ Energy security:- India crude oil imports now have a 11% share from UAE and India also depends on UAE for LPG needs. Moreover UAE has invested crude oil into India's Strategic Petroleum Reserve Programme.

④ Economic Integration:-
(a) CEPA:- India and UAE signed CEPA (Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) in 2022 which aims to broaden bilateral trade aiming to reach $200 billion in non-oil trade by 2032.

(b) LCS:- India and UAE have worked upon localised Currency settlement to reduce dependence on US dollars.

(c) Infrastructure:- India and UAE are involved in I2U2 (Israel, India, USA, UAE) and IMEC (India Middle east Economic Corridor).

Suggestions to improve:

Could discuss UAE's $2 billion investment in India's renewable energy sector and joint solar projects
Can elaborate on Masdar's renewable energy investments in India's clean energy transition
Could explain IMEC's role in connecting India to European markets via UAE ports, reducing dependence on Suez Canal
Can mention ADNOC's downstream investments in India including the Ratnagiri refinery project

CONCLUSION

What you wrote:

India and UAE relationship has matured from oil & worker based trade into multi-sectoral trade. Through 2017 comprehensive strategic Partnership & 2022 CEPA agreements. This will lead to greater benefits for both countries.

Suggestions to improve:

Could emphasize India's balanced approach in West Asia using UAE partnership to maintain ties with both Israel and Arab nations
Can conclude by highlighting this partnership's role in India's $5 trillion economy goal and energy security objectives

Overall Feedback:

The answer demonstrates good factual knowledge with specific data points and covers most key areas systematically. However, it misses the diaspora dimension and lacks strategic depth in explaining broader implications for India's West Asian policy.

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4.5/15

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