Mains Answer Writing - 17 Sept, 2026

GS3

Economy

15 marks

Why has India introduced MDR on some UPI payments? Discuss its benefits and concerns.

Frame the issue as a balance between digital-payment inclusion and ecosystem sustainability.
Facts to remember: 0.4% MDR applies to specified merchant payments above ₹2,000 from October 15, 2026.
Do not state that consumers or all UPI transactions will be charged.

9.5/15

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