Model Answer

Recent protests in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) and Gilgit-Baltistan have brought attention to long-standing grievances related to economic deprivation, political marginalization, and uneven development. These developments reveal structural governance challenges in Pakistan-administered territories of the erstwhile Jammu and Kashmir.

Governance and Resource Distribution Challenges Residents of PoK have protested against rising electricity tariffs and shortages of subsidized wheat despite hosting the Mangla Dam, a major hydropower project. Locals allege inadequate compensation and displacement resulting from infrastructure projects without meaningful public consultation. Gilgit-Baltistan continues to face underdevelopment despite its strategic importance and location along major connectivity corridors. These issues reflect a disconnect between resource generation and local welfare benefits. Political Representation Concerns The controversy surrounding reserved seats in the PoK Assembly has intensified demands for greater democratic accountability. Critics argue that externally elected reserved members enhance federal influence over local politics. In Gilgit-Baltistan, demands for greater constitutional rights and political representation remain unresolved. Pakistan’s reluctance to grant full provincial status to Gilgit-Baltistan, owing to the Kashmir dispute, has further fueled dissatisfaction. Strategic Significance for India India maintains that PoK and Gilgit-Baltistan are integral parts of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The passage of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) through Gilgit-Baltistan raises concerns regarding sovereignty and territorial integrity. Protests highlight governance deficits and strengthen India's position regarding the rights and welfare of people living in these regions. Continued instability in these areas has implications for regional security and cross-border geopolitics. Conclusion

The protests in PoK and Gilgit-Baltistan reflect deeper issues of democratic representation, equitable development, and resource justice. Addressing these concerns is essential for long-term stability, while the developments continue to carry significant strategic and diplomatic implications for India.