Mains Answer Writing - 15 Jan, 2026

GS3

Environment & Ecology

10 marks

“The SHANTI Bill marks a paradigm shift in India’s nuclear power governance by addressing long-standing regulatory and liability bottlenecks.”
Critically examine how the SHANTI Bill seeks to balance energy security, safety, and global integration in India’s nuclear power programme.

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Tips for your answer

Set context fast: Briefly mention India’s nuclear stagnation due to liability issues, then introduce SHANTI as a legal-regulatory reset.
Answer in the framework given: Link points clearly to energy security (100 GW, clean baseload), safety (AERB, liability cap), and global integration (SDR norms, IP regime).
Balanced conclusion: Appreciate the reform intent but flag implementation, regulatory capacity, and public trust concerns.

5/10

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