Mains Answer Writing - 13 Jan, 2026

GS3

Science & Technology

15 marks

“Recent advances in CRISPR technology have enabled the reactivation of silenced genes without cutting DNA by targeting epigenetic markers.”
In this context, explain the role of epigenetic gene silencing in human diseases and critically examine how non–DNA-cutting CRISPR approaches could make gene therapy safer and more ethical, with special reference to sickle cell disease.

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Tips for your answer

Start with concepts: Briefly define epigenetics and gene silencing (methylation as chemical tags).
Link innovation to application: Explain how non-cutting CRISPR reactivates the foetal haemoglobin gene in sickle cell disease.
Critically evaluate: Compare with conventional CRISPR—highlight safety, reduced off-target effects, and ethical advantages.

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