Model Answer

Ethical conduct requires evaluating both the methods used and the outcomes achieved. A desirable result cannot automatically justify an unethical action.

Why Ethical Means Matter

1. Moral integrity ensures consistency between values and actions. e.g: Gandhi's emphasis on purity of means.
2. Public trust depends on honesty and fairness in decision-making.
3. Individual rights must not be violated for collective benefits.
4. Rule of law prevents arbitrary exercise of authority.

Importance of Ethical Outcomes

1. Public welfare requires considering the consequences of decisions. e.g: Prioritising vulnerable groups during disasters.
2. Practical judgement helps resolve competing moral obligations.
3. Greater good may justify proportionate restrictions on individual freedom. e.g: Temporary evacuation during emergencies.

Balancing Means and Ends

1. Ethical reasoning must consider both duties and consequences.
2. Proportionality ensures actions do not cause excessive harm.
3. Accountability requires transparent justification of decisions.

Ethical means should remain the foundation of decision-making, while outcomes guide the choice among morally acceptable alternatives.