Mains Answer Writing - 7 Jun, 2026

GS3

Environment & Ecology

15 marks

“Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) offers a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional grey infrastructure for enhancing coastal resilience against climate change.”
In the context of India's coastal regions, examine the role of mangroves as natural climate shields. Discuss the challenges in mainstreaming Ecosystem-based Adaptation in coastal management and suggest measures to strengthen its implementation.

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**Introduction:** Define EbA and mention increasing coastal vulnerability due to climate change.
**Role of Mangroves:**
Storm surge and wave attenuation
Sediment trapping and adaptation to sea-level rise
Carbon sequestration (Blue Carbon)
Biodiversity conservation and livelihood support
Cost-effective and self-sustaining protection
**Challenges:**
Preference for grey infrastructure
Declining budgetary support
Policy and terminology ambiguity (EbA, NbS, Eco-DRR)
Fragmented governance and monitoring
Adaptation benefits not properly assessed
**Way Forward:**
National EbA taxonomy and policy framework
Integration into disaster management plans
Increased funding for nature-based solutions
Community-led restoration models (e.g., Sundarbans)
Robust monitoring and climate-finance linkage
**Conclusion:** Coastal resilience requires a shift from concrete barriers to ecosystem restoration, making mangroves a cornerstone of climate adaptation.

8.5/15

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