Mains Answer Writing - 6 May, 2026

GS3

Science & Technology

15 marks

“Medical interventions can alter the course of natural selection in human populations.”
Examine this statement in the context of the role of HLA-B alleles and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in HIV survival and transmission.

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Tips for your answer

1. Start with a sharp concept link
Define natural selection in one line and directly connect it to HLA-B alleles influencing HIV survival pre-ART.
2. Structure body in “Before vs After ART” format
Before ART: Genetic advantage (protective alleles ↑ survival)
After ART: Medical intervention reduces genetic selection pressure
👉 This comparison fetches clarity marks.
3. End with a broader insight
Conclude by highlighting that modern medicine can override evolutionary pressures, raising questions of equity and access to healthcare.

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