Mains Answer Writing - 1 Mar, 2026

GS3

Science & Technology

15 marks

Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) is emerging as a key strategy for decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors in India. Explain the concept of CCU and examine its potential, challenges, and policy measures required for its large-scale adoption in India.

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Tips for your answer

Start with Conceptual Clarity – Briefly define CCU and clearly distinguish it from CCS; mention its relevance to India’s net-zero by 2070 commitment and hard-to-abate sectors.
Structure in 3 Dimensions –
Potential: industrial decarbonisation, circular economy, value-added products.
Challenges: high cost, infrastructure gaps, lack of standards/market signals.
Way Forward: policy incentives, industrial clusters, carbon pricing, R&D push.
Add Value with Examples – Quote Indian initiatives (DST funding, 2030 CCUS roadmap, cement sector pilots) and briefly reference global models (EU policy support, US tax credits) to strengthen analysis.

9.5/15

Topper’s Answer Sheet

With detailed evaluation

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