Q13. Why is nanotechnology one of the key technologies of the 21st century? Describe the salient features of the Indian Government’s Mission on Nanoscience and Technology and the scope of its application in the development process of the country.

Model Answer:

Introduction

Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular levels to create materials and devices with novel properties. It is pivotal for advancements in various sectors, driving innovation and growth. 

Body

Importance of Nanotechnology in the 21st Century

1. Revolutionizing Industries: Nanotechnology transforms sectors like healthcare, energy, electronics, and materials, leading to groundbreaking innovations and improved efficiencies across multiple applications.
2. Enhancing Materials: It enables the development of lightweight, strong, and durable materials, enhancing product performance and longevity in construction, manufacturing, and consumer goods.
3. Advancing Healthcare: Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in drug delivery systems, diagnostics, and imaging techniques, offering targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes in medicine.
4. Energy Efficiency: It contributes to more efficient solar cells, batteries, and energy storage solutions, fostering sustainable energy development and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.  

Salient Features of the Indian Government’s Mission on Nanoscience and Technology

1. National Policy Framework: The mission establishes a comprehensive framework for promoting research, development, and innovation in nanotechnology to position India as a global leader in this field.
2. Interdisciplinary Approach: It encourages collaboration across various scientific disciplines, fostering innovation and enhancing the application of nanotechnology in diverse sectors like health, agriculture, and manufacturing.
3. Funding and Support: The initiative provides financial support for research projects, infrastructure development, and technology transfer, ensuring robust growth in nanoscience and technology in India.
4. Capacity Building: The mission focuses on skill development and training programs, equipping researchers and professionals with the necessary expertise to drive advancements in nanotechnology. 

Scope of Nanotechnology in India’s Development Process

1. Agricultural Innovation: Nanotechnology improves crop yield and pest resistance through nano fertilizers and nanopesticides, contributing to food security and sustainable agriculture practices in India.
2. Affordable Healthcare: It enhances healthcare accessibility by developing low-cost diagnostic tools and treatments, ensuring better health outcomes for underserved populations in rural and urban areas.
3. Water Purification: Nanotechnology enables efficient water filtration and purification systems, addressing water scarcity and contamination issues, crucial for India's sustainable development goals.
4. Infrastructure Development: Its application in constructing stronger, durable materials leads to cost-effective infrastructure solutions, enhancing urban development and resilience against natural disasters. 

Conclusion

Nanotechnology stands at the forefront of 21st-century innovation, offering transformative potential across various sectors. India's focused mission fosters growth, research, and application, ensuring sustainable development and global competitiveness. 

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