Passage

We often hear about conflicts among different States in India over river waters. Of the 20 major river systems, 14 are already water-stressed;75% of the population lives in water-stressed regions, a third of whom live in water-scare areas. Climate change, the demands of rising population and the need for agriculture to keep pace, and increased rate of urbanization and industralization will exacerbate water stress. According to the Constitution of India, water is a State subject and not that of the Union, except for regulation of inter-State rivers. Key to ensuring balance between competing demands of various stakeholders is a basin-based approach to allocate water amongst constituent regions and States. Allocating fair share of water to them requires assessments based on objective criteria, such as specificities of the river basin, size of dependent population, existing water use and demand, efficiency of use, projected future use, etc. while ensuring the environmental needs of the river and aquifers.

Question

CSATEasyPrelims 2023Comprehension

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most rational, practical and immediate action required to ensure fair and equitable allocation of water to different stakeholders?

Explanation

Option A is correct: This is a plausible solution as it aligns with the mention of the need for balance and objective criteria for water allocation. A comprehensive framework would presumably take these factors into account, and since water regulation for inter-State rivers is a Union matter, it is reasonable to propose a national policy.

Option B is incorrect: The passage does not explicitly mention linking all river systems or creating aquifers. While this might be a long-term solution, it doesn't seem to be the necessary immediate and practical action as the passage suggests.

Option C is incorrect: Similar to option (B), this is not mentioned in the passage and may not address the complexities involved in the issue, such as the need for a basin-based approach and specific criteria for water allocation.

Option D is incorrect: While reducing water demand could potentially alleviate water stress, the passage doesn't suggest this as a solution. Rather, it highlights the need for a balanced approach considering several factors, including existing water use and demand, use efficiency, and projected future use.