Option A is incorrect: The only part of the passage pertaining to this assertion is the line, “Businesses that do not hedge against the threat of uncertain outcomes fail.” The passage nowhere specifies that businesses would need to close down or pay for pollution in future. Hence, we cannot assume the same, as there is no definite or sufficiently indicative basis for the safe.

Option B is incorrect: The passage does not convey any solutions to the issue of climate change. Furhter, the statement is also too extreme (“only solution”) to be true.

Option C is correct: The passage mentions, “Technological change, meanwhile, could make a future transition away from fossil fuels cheap or it might not, leaving the world with a terrible choice between sharply reducing emissions at huge cost or suffering through the effects of unabated warming. Businesses that do not hedge against the threat of uncertain outcomes fail. The world cannot afford such recklessness on climate change.” Hence, we can safely conclude that waiting to deal with carbon emissions until technology improves will not be a wise strategy. This is the main message of the author.

Option D is incorrect: The passage does not convey any solutions to the issue of climate change. Furhter, the statement is also too specific, whereas the passage does not discuss the same.