Mains Answer Writing - 28 May, 2026

GS2

International Relations

10 marks

“The Nagoya Protocol strengthens biodiversity governance by linking conservation with equitable benefit-sharing.” Discuss India’s implementation of the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) framework in light of its First National Report on the Nagoya Protocol. Highlight key achievements and challenges.

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Tips for your answer

Start with the core concept clearly
In the introduction, briefly define the Nagoya Protocol and ABS mechanism in 2–3 lines. Mention its aim: fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of biological resources and traditional knowledge.
Use report data as evidence
Quote 3–4 important statistics from India’s First National Report to strengthen the answer:
12,830 ABS approvals
3,556 IRCCs (around 60% of global total)
₹216 crore collected under ABS
2.76 lakh+ Biodiversity Management Committees
Balance achievements with challenges
Structure the body into:
Achievements: strong institutional network, community participation, benefit-sharing examples.
Challenges: tracing supply chains, documentation delays, low awareness, lack of centralized repository.
End with a forward-looking conclusion on strengthening biodiversity governance and local community empowerment.

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