Mains Answer Writing - 23 Nov, 2025

GS2

International Relations

15 marks

Discuss the significance of the 20th G20 Leaders’ Summit in Johannesburg for India’s foreign policy, with reference to the themes of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam and South–South cooperation.

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Tips for your answer

Start with context — Mention why the Johannesburg G20 is historic (first in Africa, AU membership, India’s continuity role).
Link concepts smartly — Connect Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam and South–South cooperation to India’s G20 agenda and Africa-focused priorities.
Use 2–3 crisp examples — AU’s inclusion, IBSA Summit, debt sustainability, energy transition—these make your answer concrete and scoring.

9.5/15

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