Mains Answer Writing - 19 May, 2026

GS3

Science & Technology

15 marks

The recent Ebola outbreak in Central Africa has once again highlighted the challenges of global health governance. Discuss the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in managing Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEICs). Also examine the preparedness required at the global and national levels to prevent future pandemics.

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Tips for your answer

Start with context – Briefly mention the recent Ebola outbreak and explain what a PHEIC declaration means under the International Health Regulations (IHR).
Use a balanced structure – Divide the answer into:
Role of World Health Organization
Challenges in global health governance
Measures for future pandemic preparedness.
Add value with examples – Mention surveillance systems, vaccine research, international cooperation, and lessons from COVID-19 and Ebola Virus Disease outbreaks.

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