Mains Answer Writing - 18 Jan, 2026

GS2

Indian Polity

15 marks

What is the Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA)? Examine its significance in empowering tribal self-governance in Fifth Schedule areas. Discuss the major challenges in its effective implementation.

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Tips for your answer

Start with a crisp definition: Briefly define PESA as the extension of Panchayati Raj to Fifth Schedule areas, highlighting the centrality of the Gram Sabha.
Link significance to outcomes: Explain how PESA empowers tribals through control over land, forests, and local governance—use 1–2 concrete examples.
Balance challenges with solutions: Identify key implementation gaps (state dilution, bureaucracy, awareness) and conclude with a forward-looking way ahead.

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