Score:
9.5/15
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Topper’s Copy
GS3
Environment & Ecology
15 marks
Why is wildlife conservation important in India? Discuss the major challenges and suggest measures for effective conservation.
Student’s Answer
Evaluation by SuperKalam
Demand of the Question
- Importance of wildlife conservation in India
- Major challenges in wildlife conservation
- Measures for effective conservation
What you wrote:
Wildlife conservation is rooted in deep ecology principle, intergenerational justice backed by constitutional framework of DPSP (article 48A) and fundamental duty 51A(g).
Wildlife conservation is rooted in deep ecology principle, intergenerational justice backed by constitutional framework of DPSP (article 48A) and fundamental duty 51A(g).
Suggestions to improve:
- Could anchor this philosophical approach with a recent data point (e.g., "India harbors 8% of global biodiversity across just 2.4% of land area—IUCN Red List 2024") to balance abstract principles with tangible context.
What you wrote:
[FLOWCHART: a central bracketed header "Importance of wildlife conservation" points to four main points: the first point is "Directly related to human survival" which further notes "keystone species like Elephant, tiger, Bees help preserve ecosystem by stopping" "Trophic cascades", "securing" "River catchments" "and aids" "Pollination"; the second point is "Ecosystem Services" which includes "Pest control, seed dispersal, Pollination for farming."; the third point is "Essential for genetic diversity maintenance for climate-resilient crops, traditional medicines, aids Scientific Research."; the fourth point is "Provides livelihood to rural and tribals (" "Eco-tourism" ", minor forest produce) fulfils vision of Sustainable Development (SDG-13, 14, 15)"]
[FLOWCHART: a central bracketed header "Importance of wildlife conservation" points to four main points: the first point is "Directly related to human survival" which further notes "keystone species like Elephant, tiger, Bees help preserve ecosystem by stopping" "Trophic cascades", "securing" "River catchments" "and aids" "Pollination"; the second point is "Ecosystem Services" which includes "Pest control, seed dispersal, Pollination for farming."; the third point is "Essential for genetic diversity maintenance for climate-resilient crops, traditional medicines, aids Scientific Research."; the fourth point is "Provides livelihood to rural and tribals (" "Eco-tourism" ", minor forest produce) fulfils vision of Sustainable Development (SDG-13, 14, 15)"]
Suggestions to improve:
- Could reference International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) launched by India for global cooperation on seven big cat species.
- Can mention revised MoEFCC Human-Wildlife Conflict guidelines with enhanced ex-gratia relief (up to ₹10 lakh for human life loss) and early warning systems.
- Should include governance weaknesses: "Severe staff shortages, low conviction rates (<10%), inadequate PA funding, weak inter-state coordination hamper enforcement."
What you wrote:
Major Challenges
1. Anthropological:
a) Rapid infrastructure expansion especially linear infrastructure (railways) (highways).
b) Strategic Priorities → eg → Great Nicobar Project for national security however raises challenge of wildlife conservation.
c) Poaching of high value animals → Rhinos, Snakes for venom, rare species of bees, keystone species like tiger, Elephant for skin & tusk.
d) Human-wildlife conflict increased due to habitat loss and human encroachments.
e) Climate Change leading to stress on species both aquatic as well as terrestrial. (eg → Study shows Coral may go extinct by 2050)
2. Natural Causes
a) Invasive species of flora (julyflora, lantana), fauna (lionfish) disturbs ecosystem balance.
b) Natural catastrophes like floods, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, earthquakes. (eg → Brazilian forest fire vanished 25% of wildlife in 2024).
Major Challenges
1. Anthropological:
a) Rapid infrastructure expansion especially linear infrastructure (railways) (highways).
b) Strategic Priorities → eg → Great Nicobar Project for national security however raises challenge of wildlife conservation.
c) Poaching of high value animals → Rhinos, Snakes for venom, rare species of bees, keystone species like tiger, Elephant for skin & tusk.
d) Human-wildlife conflict increased due to habitat loss and human encroachments.
e) Climate Change leading to stress on species both aquatic as well as terrestrial. (eg → Study shows Coral may go extinct by 2050)
2. Natural Causes
a) Invasive species of flora (julyflora, lantana), fauna (lionfish) disturbs ecosystem balance.
b) Natural catastrophes like floods, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, earthquakes. (eg → Brazilian forest fire vanished 25% of wildlife in 2024).
Suggestions to improve:
- Can add: "Mining/agriculture encroachment into critical habitats (e.g., coal mining in Hasdeo Arand forests affecting elephant corridors)."
What you wrote:
Suggestive measures
a) Legal Protection under wildlife Protection act 1972 must be strengthened. (2022 amendment aligns with CITES is a good step)
b) Community involvement → such as "Hargila Army" of Assam protecting Hargilas. sets precedence for community awareness, community policing.
c) Inclusion in "Curriculum": wildlife importance must be cultivated right from childhood.
d) Technology use: AI-Camera traps, digital tracking, satellite monitoring, early warning of forest fires, floods.
e) "anti poaching" measures by strict enforcement and innovative steps like de-horning as used in Ghana.
f) "Landscape method" over single species: Prioritising in-situ conservation and eco-system conservation as a whole.
Suggestive measures
a) Legal Protection under wildlife Protection act 1972 must be strengthened. (2022 amendment aligns with CITES is a good step)
b) Community involvement → such as "Hargila Army" of Assam protecting Hargilas. sets precedence for community awareness, community policing.
c) Inclusion in "Curriculum": wildlife importance must be cultivated right from childhood.
d) Technology use: AI-Camera traps, digital tracking, satellite monitoring, early warning of forest fires, floods.
e) "anti poaching" measures by strict enforcement and innovative steps like de-horning as used in Ghana.
f) "Landscape method" over single species: Prioritising in-situ conservation and eco-system conservation as a whole.
Suggestions to improve:
- Correct: "Anti-poaching: De-horning in Southern Africa (Namibia, South Africa), strict patrols, enhanced prosecution."
- Can add: "Increase PA budgets, recruit forest staff, mandatory HWC management plans under National Wildlife Action Plan."
What you wrote:
India holds world's Richest wildlife. Our community ethics, harmony with nature along with constitutional backing provides firm base for further progressive steps for "deep ecology" and lead example for others.
India holds world's Richest wildlife. Our community ethics, harmony with nature along with constitutional backing provides firm base for further progressive steps for "deep ecology" and lead example for others.
Suggestions to improve:
- Could integrate a policy vision (e.g., "Strengthening IBCA, scaling community-led models, and bridging governance gaps will position India as a global conservation leader while fulfilling SDG commitments").
The answer demonstrates strong structure, constitutional depth, and thematic breadth (ecological, governance, technological dimensions). However, two factual errors (Anthropological vs. Anthropogenic; de-horning in Ghana) must be corrected. Missing demand: institutional/governance challenges (staff shortages, conviction rates, inter-agency coordination). Incorporate recent frameworks (IBCA, revised HWC guidelines) and correct errors for a robust, factually accurate response.
Demand of the Question
- Importance of wildlife conservation in India
- Major challenges in wildlife conservation
- Measures for effective conservation
What you wrote:
Wildlife conservation is rooted in deep ecology principle, intergenerational justice backed by constitutional framework of DPSP (article 48A) and fundamental duty 51A(g).
Wildlife conservation is rooted in deep ecology principle, intergenerational justice backed by constitutional framework of DPSP (article 48A) and fundamental duty 51A(g).
Suggestions to improve:
- Could anchor this philosophical approach with a recent data point (e.g., "India harbors 8% of global biodiversity across just 2.4% of land area—IUCN Red List 2024") to balance abstract principles with tangible context.
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