Mains Answer Writing - 1 Oct, 2025
GS1
Physical Geography
10 marks
What is the phenomenon of cloudbursts? Explain.
Tips for your answer
- Define the phenomenon – sudden, extremely intense rainfall (≥100 mm/hr) over a localized area due to orographic uplift and convection.
- Explain causes – presence of moisture-laden monsoon winds, topography (mountains), instability in atmosphere.
- Discuss impacts (flash floods, landslides, destruction) and possible mitigation (early warning systems, disaster preparedness).
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GS3
Science & Technology
11 Jan, 2026
“Despite the availability of cost-effective preventive interventions, India continues to report a high burden of neural tube defects such as Spina Bifida.”
In this context, examine the role of pre-conceptional folic acid supplementation and food fortification in preventing Spina Bifida in India. Discuss the challenges in implementation and suggest policy measures to address them. - View Challenge
GS3
Environment & Ecology
Yesterday
“The debate over conservation of the Western Ghats reflects the tension between ecological sustainability and developmental priorities.”
In this context, critically examine the recommendations of the Western Ghats Expert Ecology Panel (WGEEP) and the Kasturirangan Committee, highlighting their implications for environmental governance in India. - View Challenge
GS3
Economy
9 Jan, 2026
“The introduction of Public–Private Partnership (PPP) model medical colleges in tribal districts marks a shift in India’s approach to healthcare capacity building.”
In this context, examine the rationale behind adopting the PPP model for medical education in tribal regions. Discuss its potential benefits and challenges in ensuring equity, quality of healthcare delivery, and public accountability.
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