Rationalising Iran’s nuclear capability, Pg8

Key Highlights:

• Iran is considered a threshold state, capable of developing nuclear weapons but not known to possess them.
• Iran possesses approximately 500 kg of uranium enriched to 60% and 11 tonnes overall enriched between 2% and 60%.
• Iran claims its nuclear program is for peaceful, civilian purposes, consistent with its rights under the NPT.

Detailed Insights:

• The NPT allows countries to develop nuclear capabilities for civilian purposes but discourages weaponization, relying on safeguards and inspections by the IAEA.
• A threshold state possesses the knowledge and infrastructure to create nuclear weapons, creating uncertainty and potential for rapid 'breakout'.
• Concerns about Iran's nuclear intentions have led to international sanctions, covert attacks, and ongoing conflict, particularly from the U.S. and Israel.
• The concept of Maslahat-e-Nizam in Shia Islam allows religious rulings (fatwas) to be adjusted based on changing circumstances, potentially overriding previous prohibitions against nuclear weapons.
• Iran's experience with chemical weapons during the Iran-Iraq war initially solidified opposition to weapons of mass destruction, but the international community's inadequate response led to a renewed interest in nuclear capabilities.

Key Concepts Involved:

• NPT (Non-Proliferation Treaty): An international treaty to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and promote peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
• Fatwa: A ruling on a point of Islamic law given by a recognized authority.
• IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency): An international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose.