Study finds 6,327 Gangetic dolphins across four States, Pg 12

Key Highlights

First Comprehensive Study on Gangetic Dolphins

• The only riverine dolphin species in India, Gangetic dolphins, were estimated at 6,327 in the Ganga and its tributaries.
• Survey spanned 8,507 km, initiated in 2021.

Challenges in Dolphin Counting

• Unlike tigers or elephants, dolphins do not have unique identification markers.
• Being blind and dependent on echolocation, hydrophones (underwater microphones) were used for acoustic monitoring.
• Ensuring accuracy: Dual observer method and triangulation to avoid double counting.

Major Threats to Gangetic Dolphins

• Entanglement in fishing nets.
• Pollution impact on dolphin habitat under current study.

Government's Conservation Efforts

• PM Modi officially released the report at a National Board for Wildlife meeting.
• Emphasized local conservation efforts and educational programs to encourage schoolchildren to visit dolphin habitats.
• Highest dolphin populations: Uttar Pradesh, followed by Bihar, West Bengal, and Assam.

Analysis & Way Forward

• River pollution, overfishing, and habitat degradation are key concerns.
• Strengthening conservation policies, promoting sustainable fishing, and regular population assessments every four years are essential.
• Expansion of dolphin sanctuaries and community involvement in Ganga rejuvenation efforts will aid conservation.

Mains Mock Question:

"Discuss the ecological significance of Gangetic dolphins and the challenges in their conservation. Suggest policy measures for their long-term protection."