Civil society groups have played a pivotal role in enhancing women's participation and representation in state legislatures in India. By advocating for policy changes, raising awareness, and mobilizing grassroots support, these organizations empower women to engage actively in the political process.

Q.14 Discuss the contribution of civil society groups for women’s effective and meaningful participation and representation in state legislature in India.

Model Answer:

Introduction

Civil society plays a crucial role in strengthening democracy by fostering active citizen participation and holding the state accountable. 

Body

 In the Indian context, civil society includes non-governmental organisations (NGOs), advocacy groups, and community-based organisations that work alongside the state to address social issues.

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Contribution of civil society groups for women’s effective and meaningful participation and representation in state legislature in India 

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• Campaigns like "50% By 2030" by organisations like the Young India movement advocate for reserving 50% of legislative seats for women.
• Women's Power Connect by UN Women builds networks and provides mentorship to aspiring female politicians. 
• The Whitefield Rising campaign in Bangalore used street art and social media to highlight the low number of women in the Karnataka assembly, garnering national attention 
• Groups like the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) educate women on electoral processes and encourage voter participation.
• The National Federation of Indian Women has been a vocal advocate for the passage of the Women's Reservation Bill, which proposes a 33% reservation for women in Parliament and state assemblies.
• The Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Sangathan (BGPMVS), BGPM’s  members, including survivors of the Bhopal gas tragedy, contested local elections, bringing their unique experiences and perspectives to the legislature. 
• The Mahila Gram Panchayat Network of Maharashtra focuses on empowering women elected to local panchayats. They provide training and mentorship, creating a pipeline of women leaders who can eventually transition to state legislatures. 

Conclusion

Civil society groups are crucial partners in dismantling challenges. Through continued awareness campaigns, capacity building workshops, and advocacy for reforms like increased reservations, they are creating an enabling environment for women's political participation.

The increased representation of women in Indian state legislatures is not just a number; it's a testament to the collective power of civil society and a promise of a more inclusive and effective democracy.

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