Subject: Environment & Ecology

The Government's ambitious mission to clean the holy river Ganga through the Namami Gange Programme has been one of India's largest river restoration initiatives, with an outlay of ₹20,424.82 crore (2014-2024). However, despite significant investments and efforts, the results have been mixed, highlighting both achievements and persistent challenges in river conservation.

Key Components of Namami Gange and NMCG

• Sewerage Infrastructure: Creation of sewage treatment capacity of 7,000 MLD targeting urban waste management along the Ganga basin.
• River Surface Cleaning: Implementation of innovative technologies for removing floating solid waste.
• Rural Sanitation: Integration with Swachh Bharat Mission for Open Defecation Free (ODF) villages along Ganga.
• Biodiversity Conservation: Protection of aquatic species and restoration of riparian zones.

Causes of Mixed Results from Previous Schemes

• Implementation Gaps: Only 52% of targeted sewage treatment capacity achieved despite 86% network completion.
• Financial Underutilization: PRS Legislative Research shows only 69% fund utilization up to 2024-25.
• Monitoring Challenges: Inadequate real-time monitoring of water quality parameters.
• Inter-state Coordination: Complex administrative structure affecting project execution.

Quantum Leaps Required for Better Conservation

• Technology Integration:

  • Implementation of AI-based monitoring systems for real-time pollution tracking.
  • Use of satellite imagery for comprehensive river basin management.

• Policy Reforms:

  • Introduction of polluter pays principle with stringent enforcement.
  • Development of River Basin Management approach replacing fragmented efforts.

• Community Engagement:

  • Creation of River Cities Alliance for knowledge sharing.
  • Empowerment of local communities through Ganga Praharis program.

The success of Ganga conservation requires a paradigm shift from conventional approaches to innovative solutions. Integration of cutting-edge technologies, strengthened institutional frameworks, and enhanced community participation can create transformative impact, as demonstrated by successful river restoration projects like the Rhine Action Programme in Europe.