QUESTION

Easy

Physical Geography

Prelims 2025

Which of the following are the evidences of the phenomenon of continental drift?

I. The belt of ancient rocks from Brazil coast matches with those from Western Africa. II. The gold deposits of Ghana are derived from the Brazil plateau when the two continents lay side by side. III. The Gondwana system of sediments from India is known to have its counterparts in six different landmasses of the Southern Hemisphere.

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Explanation

Statement I is correct: Geological matching (Jigsaw Fit) shows that the 2,000-million-year-old belt of ancient rocks from the Brazilian coast matches those from Western Africa. This suggests the two continents were once joined.

Statement II is correct: This refers to "Placer Deposits." Ghana possesses rich placer deposits of gold despite having no known source rock (mother lode) in the region. The gold-bearing veins are actually located in Brazil, proving the continents were once side-by-side.

Statement III is correct: The Gondwana system of glacial tillite sediments found in India has identical counterparts in six different landmasses: Africa, the Falkland Islands, Madagascar, Antarctica, Australia, and South America. This provides powerful evidence of a shared climatic and geological history.

Correct Answer: All three statements are correct.

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