QUESTION

CSAT

Hard

Reasoning

Prelims 2017

The age of Mr. X last year was the square of a number and it would be the cube of a number next year. What is the least number of years he must wait for his age to become the cube of a number again?

Select an option to attempt

Explanation

Let Mr. X's age last year be the square of a number, say n2n^2. Then his age next year will be the cube of a number, say m3m^3.

Let Mr. X's current age be xx.

So, from the information:

  • Last year, x1=n2x - 1 = n^2
  • Next year, x+1=m3x + 1 = m^3

Thus, we have the equation: x1=n2x - 1 = n^2 and x+1=m3x + 1 = m^3 By subtracting the first equation from the second: (x+1)(x1)=m3n2(x + 1) - (x - 1) = m^3 - n^2 2=m3n22 = m^3 - n^2

Now, we need to find integer values of mm and nn such that m3n2=2m^3 - n^2 = 2.

Step 1: Try different values of nn and mm

  • For n=1n = 1: n2=1n^2 = 1 m3=3m^3 = 3 (no integer cube of 3)

  • For n=2n = 2: n2=4n^2 = 4 m3=6m^3 = 6 (no integer cube of 6)

  • For n=3n = 3: n2=9n^2 = 9 m3=11m^3 = 11 (no integer cube of 11)

  • For n=4n = 4: n2=16n^2 = 16 m3=18m^3 = 18 (no integer cube of 18)

  • For n=5n = 5: n2=25n^2 = 25 m3=27m^3 = 27 (integer cube of 27, i.e., m=3m = 3)

Thus, for n=5n = 5, we have n2=25n^2 = 25 and m3=27m^3 = 27. Therefore, Mr. X's age last year was 25, and his current age is: x=25+1=26x = 25 + 1 = 26

Step 2: Find when his age becomes the cube of a number again

We need to find when his age becomes the cube of a number again. That is, when x+t=k3x + t = k^3 for some integer kk, where tt is the number of years Mr. X has to wait.

Since his current age is 26, we need to find the smallest tt such that: 26+t=k326 + t = k^3

Let's try different values of kk:

  • For k=3k = 3: k3=27k^3 = 27 t=2726=1t = 27 - 26 = 1 (but 27 is next year, not again in future)

  • For k=4k = 4: k3=64k^3 = 64 t=6426=38t = 64 - 26 = 38

Thus, the least number of years Mr. X must wait for his age to become the cube of a number again is 38.

Answer: B. 38

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