Avanti Although Buddhism spread to Avanti during the Mauryan period, it wasn't directly connected to the life of the Buddha. Gandhara While Gandhara became a significant centre for Buddhist culture and art later in history, it wasn't directly associated with the Buddha's life. Thus, Avanti and Gandhar have no direct relation with Buddha's life.

Kosala This was the kingdom where the Buddha was born, with his birthplace being Lumbini (present-day Nepal). His mother's family belonged to the Kosala dynasty.

Magadha Though the Buddha didn't spend a significant amount of time here during his early life, he travelled and taught in Magadha. Notably, the city of Rajgir (present-day Bihar) was an important centre where he interacted with King Bimbisara.