Stem cells can be derived from various sources, including not just mammals, but also other vertebrates like birds and fish, as well as some invertebrates.

Stem cells provide a powerful tool for drug screening and toxicology studies. They can be used to generate specific types of cells that are targeted by drugs, allowing researchers to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new pharmaceutical compounds before proceeding to clinical trials.

Stem cells have the potential to be used in regenerative medicine to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs. This includes a wide range of applications, from bone marrow transplants (a well-established stem cell therapy for certain blood disorders) to experimental treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, heart disease, diabetes, and more.