UPSC 2013 Mains GS1 Model Answer - The American Revolution was an economic revolt against mercantilism. Substantiate.

Model Answer:

The American Revolution (1775-1783) was not merely a struggle for independence but also an economic revolt against British mercantilist policies that stifled colonial growth and autonomy.

Role of Economics Factors in the American Revolution 

1. Mercantilist Policies: Britain’s mercantilism restricted colonial trade, forcing American colonies to trade primarily with the mother country, and limiting economic diversification and growth opportunities.
2. Taxation Without Representation: The imposition of taxes, like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, highlighted colonial frustrations, as they had no direct representation in Parliament to voice their concerns.
3. Economic Restrictions: British laws, such as the Navigation Acts, mandated colonial dependence on British goods and shipping, impeding local industries and encouraging resentment among colonists.
4. Smuggling and Resistance: Colonists increasingly resorted to smuggling to bypass trade restrictions, fostering a culture of resistance against British economic control and igniting revolutionary sentiments.
5. Desire for Economic Freedom: American revolutionaries sought economic independence to establish a free-market system, allowing them to trade with multiple nations, and fostering competition and prosperity.

The American Revolution was fundamentally driven by economic motives against mercantilism, as colonists yearned for self-determination, economic freedom, and the ability to control their own economic destinies. 

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