Ahead of COP30 Brazil, India to release its climate action plan, Pg 12.

Key Highlights:

• India is expected to release its updated climate action plan before or during COP30 in Brazil in November 2025.
• The updated plan will include revised targets for 2035, as per the Paris Agreement mandate for countries to update their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) every five years.
• India's current climate action plan focuses on reducing emissions intensity of GDP, increasing the share of renewable energy, and expanding forest cover.
• India has likely already achieved its target of creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes through increased forest and tree cover.

Detailed Insights:

• Under the Paris Agreement, countries must submit updated NDCs every five years, outlining actions to combat climate change.
• India's first NDC pledged a 33-35% reduction in emissions intensity by 2030 and 40% electricity generation from non-fossil fuels.
• The second NDC in 2022 increased these targets to 45% reduction in emissions intensity and 50% non-fossil fuel electricity share.
• India's third NDC might reflect disappointment with climate finance outcomes at COP29, potentially impacting the ambition of 2035 commitments.
• A UN Climate Change synthesis report indicated that full implementation of current NDCs would result in only a 5.9% emissions reduction, far short of the required 43% to limit temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

Key Concepts Involved:

• Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs): Climate action plans submitted by countries under the Paris Agreement, detailing their emission reduction targets and strategies.
• Emissions Intensity of GDP: The level of greenhouse gas emissions produced per unit of a country's gross domestic product.
• Carbon Sink: A natural or artificial reservoir that accumulates and stores carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.