With big cat count rising, M.P. to develop buffer zones around its 9 tiger reserves, Pg6

Madhya Pradesh government approved the ‘Development of Buffer Zones in Tiger Reserves’ scheme.

• The scheme has a budget outlay of ₹145 crore for 2025–26 and 2027–28.

• MP currently has the highest number of tiger reserves (9) among Indian states.

• Tiger population in MP’s buffer zones increased from 526 to 785 in four years.

• Conservation efforts include fencing, grassland development, and skill training for local communities.

Background/Context

• Madhya Pradesh, often referred to as the "Tiger State" of India, leads in tiger conservation with nine reserves, including the newly inaugurated Madhav National Park (March 2024).

• In 2023, three tigers were reintroduced into Madhav National Park as part of the tiger reintroduction programme.

• The increase in tiger population has led to a need for sustainable management of buffer zones.

Key Developments

• The Cabinet led by CM Mohan Yadav approved a new conservation initiative aimed at ensuring long-term tiger habitat security.

• The scheme includes:

• Chain-link fencing in ecologically sensitive buffer zones

• Development of grasslands and water sources

• Fire safety measures

• Wildlife protection infrastructure

• Health monitoring and treatment for wild animals

• Skill development training for local communities to promote eco-sensitive livelihoods

Strategic/Policy/Legal/Economic Implications

• The project aligns with national goals under Project Tiger and National Wildlife Action Plan.

• Enhanced buffer zones will help reduce human-wildlife conflict, a key challenge in wildlife areas.

• Promotes eco-tourism and local employment, supporting sustainable conservation models.

• Strengthens India’s commitments under CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) and SDGs, especially SDG 15 (Life on Land).

India's Stand or Way Forward

• Madhya Pradesh’s model may serve as a template for other tiger states, combining infrastructure development with community participation.

• There is a need for regular population monitoring, use of GIS-based tracking, and landscape-level planning.

• Coordination between State Forest Departments, MoEFCC, and conservation NGOs will be crucial for long-term success.

Challenges Ahead

• Human encroachment and land-use pressure in and around buffer zones.

• Ensuring effective utilisation of allocated funds and timely implementation.

• Balancing development needs of local communities with conservation priorities.

• Tackling poaching, fire threats, and climate-linked habitat changes.

Mains Mock Question:

“The success of tiger conservation depends not only on core protected areas but also on the effective management of buffer zones. Discuss with reference to recent initiatives in Madhya Pradesh.”